Products related to Informal:
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Informal Settlements of the Global South
Bringing together case studies ranging across the globe, including the US-Mexico borderlands, the Calais encampment in France, refugee camps in Kenya, Uganda and Bangladesh and contested ‘informal’ enclaves and communities in the cities of India, China, Brazil, Nigeria and South Africa, this book challenges current ways of thinking about the governance of human settling, mobility and placemaking. Together, the 15 essays question the validity of the conventional hegemonic divisions of Global North vs.Global South and ‘formal’ vs. ‘informal’, in terms of geographic presence, transborder performances and the ideological inter-dependence of Northern and Southern spaces, spatial practices and the uniformity of authoritative enforcements.The book, whose authors themselves come from all over the world, uses ‘Global South’ as a methodological apparatus to ask the ‘Southern’ question of settling and unsettling across the globe.Crucially, the studies reveal the sentiments, resourcefulness and the agency of those positioned by the powerful within the dichotomies of formal/informal, legitimate/ illegal, privileged/marginalized, etc., who are traditionally identified within the dominant development discourse as mere numbers or designated by intervening institutions as helpless recipients. By focussing on hitherto invisible events and untold stories of adaptation, negotiation and contestation by people and their communities, this volume of essays takes the ongoing North-South debate in new directions and opens up to the reader’s fresh areas of enquiry.It will be of interest to researchers and students of architecture, planning, politics and sociology, as well as built environment professionals.
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Informal Leadership
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Informal Stance: Representations of Architectural Design and Informal Settlements
This book looks to the moment of encounter between architectural design and informal settlements as the most extreme demonstration of an increasingly evident disciplinary fascination for urban informality.It is an enduring fascination, arising from the need to test the boundaries of the discipline in the hope of finding it adaptable to change and willing to adapt.It is also a fascination that feeds off the gap that exists between the search for a renewed relevance of disciplinary tools, and the wider loss of faith in the project as a way to envision societal change.In fact, such fascination is played out within a seemingly structural contradiction: informal settlements originate as the effect of economic and political strategies that are deployed at the global scale; conversely, when dealing with informality, architecture searches for legitimization at the very small scale of the tactical and ultralocal.A relationship of inverse proportion is in place, between the constrained scope of architectural design and the scale of the issues it sets out to address.
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Informal Governance in World Politics
Throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, cooperation among nations was based on international regimes and formal intergovernmental organizations.However, since the 1990s, informal modes of global governance, such as informal intergovernmental organizations and transnational public-private governance initiatives, have proliferated.Even within formal intergovernmental organizations, informal means of influence and informal procedures affect outcomes whilst, around all these institutions, even more informal networks shape agendas.This volume introduces and analyzes these three types of informality in governance: informality of, within, and around institutions.An introductory chapter traces the rise of informal governance and suggests a range of theoretical perspectives and variables that may explain this surge.Empirical chapters then apply these and other explanations to diverse issue areas and cross-cutting issues, often using newly developed datasets or original case study research.The concluding chapter sets out a research agenda on informality in global governance, including its normative implications.
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Is a "See you" informal?
Yes, "See you" is considered informal. It is a casual way of saying goodbye and is commonly used among friends, family, or acquaintances. In more formal settings, it is better to use phrases like "Goodbye" or "See you later" to maintain a professional tone.
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What is the informal sector?
The informal sector refers to economic activities that are not officially recognized or regulated by the government. This sector typically includes self-employed individuals, small businesses, and other unregistered enterprises that operate outside of formal legal frameworks. Workers in the informal sector often lack job security, social protections, and access to benefits such as healthcare or retirement plans. Despite its lack of formal recognition, the informal sector plays a significant role in many economies, especially in developing countries, by providing employment opportunities and contributing to overall economic activity.
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What is an informal resume?
An informal resume is a more relaxed and personalized version of a traditional resume. It may include additional information such as hobbies, interests, volunteer work, or a personal statement. Informal resumes are often used in networking situations or when applying for creative or non-traditional roles where showcasing personality and unique qualities is important. While they may not follow the strict formatting guidelines of a formal resume, they should still be well-organized and tailored to the specific job or industry.
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What is an informal statement?
An informal statement is a casual or conversational way of expressing an idea or opinion without strict adherence to formal language or structure. It is often used in everyday conversations, emails, or text messages to communicate in a more relaxed and friendly manner. Informal statements may include slang, colloquialisms, or abbreviations that are not typically used in formal writing.
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The Trilateral Commission and Global Governance : Informal Elite Diplomacy, 1972-82
This book provides the first analysis of the Trilateral Commission and its role in global governance and contemporary diplomacy.In 1973, David Rockefeller and Zbigniew Brzezinski founded the Trilateral Commission.Involving highly influential people from business and politics in the US, Western Europe, and Japan, the Commission was soon preceived as constituting an embryonic or even shadow world government.As the first researcher to have accessed the Commission’s archives, the author argues that this study demonstrates that global governance and international diplomacy should be considered a product of overlapping elite networks that merge informal and formal spheres across national borders.This work has three immediate aims: to trace the background, origins, purposes, characteristics, and modus operandi of the Commission; to investigate the elite aspect of the Commission and how this related to democracy; and to demonstrate how the Commission contributed to diplomatic practices and policy-formulation at national and international levels.The overall purpose of this book is to evaluate the significance of the Trilateral Commission, with particular focus on the implications of its activities on the way we understand decision-making processes and diplomacy in modern, democratic societies. This book will be of much interest to students of the Cold War, US foreign policy, diplomacy studies, and IR in general
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Fashion and Environmental Sustainability : Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Technology
The wide range of topics that the book covers are organised into sections reflecting a cradle to grave view of how entrepreneurial, innovative, and tech-savvy approaches can advance environmental sustainability in the fashion sector.These sections include: sustainable materials; innovation in design, range planning and product development; sustainable innovations in fashion supply chains; sustainable innovations in fashion retail and marketing; sustainable alternatives for end-of-life and circular economy initiatives; and more sustainable alternative fashion business models.
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The Handbook of Informal Language Learning
Provides a comprehensive and unique examination of global language learning outside of the formal school setting Authored by a prominent team of international experts in their respective fields, The Handbook of Informal Language Learning is a one-of-a-kind reference work and it is a timely and valuable resource for anyone looking to explore informal language learning outside of a formal education environment.It features a comprehensive collection of cutting edge research areas exploring the cultural and historical cases of informal language learning, along with the growing area of digital language learning, and the future of this relevant field in national development and language education. The Handbook of Informal Language Learning examines informal language learning from both theoretical and practical perspectives.Structured across six sections, chapters cover areas of motivation, linguistics, cognition, and multimodality; digital learning, including virtual contexts, gaming, fanfiction, vlogging, mobile devices, and nonformal programs; and media and live contact, including learning through environmental print, tourism/study abroad.The book also provides studies of informal learning in four national contexts, examines the integration of informal and formal classroom learning, and discusses the future of language learning from different perspectives. Edited by respected researchers of computer-mediated communication and second language learning and teacher educationFeatures contributions by leading international scholars reaching out to a global audiencePresents an exciting and progressive selection of chapters in a rapidly expanding field of research and teachingProvides a state-of-the-art collection of the theories, as well as the historical, cultural and international cases relating to informal language learning and its future in a digital ageCovers 30 key topics that represent pioneering findings and new research The Handbook of Informal Language Learning is an essential resource for researchers, students, and professionals in the fields of language acquisition, English as a second language, and foreign language education.
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Pensions and Informal Sector in India
This book deals with the pension of uncovered people in India, the informal or unorganized sector workers who contribute more than fifty percent of India’s total output.Until recently, these workers don’t get any old age security when they retire unlike those from the organized sector workers such as govt. employees or corporates. This book offers insights on the pension system of the informal sector in India. The book is the outcome of field research of two years and the field research was conducted on MSME sector (a sub sector of unorganised sector) which provides the knowledge about the present state of the unorganised sector workers in MSMEs, their financial condition and stress, their work participation, their awareness level of old age financial security or pension and their financial behaviour regarding pension savings in India.This book empirically demonstrates a relationship between financial literacy and willingness to save for retirement benefits among the informal sector workers in India.Access to banking also improves the probability of retirement savings along with the gender and education. By reading this book, readers can understand the demographic change India is going to witness within the next thirty years and its challenges to meet the longevity risk of these workers.
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What is her informal language?
Her informal language is casual, relaxed, and conversational. It may include slang, contractions, and colloquial expressions. This type of language is typically used in everyday conversations with friends, family, or in informal settings.
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What does an informal application mean?
An informal application is a job application that is submitted without following the traditional formalities of a standard job application process. This could include reaching out directly to a company or hiring manager via email or social media, without a specific job opening being advertised. Informal applications are often used as a way to express interest in working for a company, even if there are no current job vacancies.
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How do I submit an informal request?
To submit an informal request, you can simply reach out to the relevant person or department via email, phone call, or in person. Clearly state your request and provide any necessary details or information to help them understand your needs. Be polite and respectful in your communication, and follow up if needed to ensure your request is being addressed.
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Why is using the informal "you" disrespectful?
Using the informal "you" can be disrespectful in certain contexts because it can imply a lack of respect or familiarity that is not appropriate. In many cultures and languages, using the informal "you" is reserved for close friends, family members, or people of lower social status. When used inappropriately, it can come across as rude or dismissive. It's important to be mindful of cultural norms and social hierarchies when addressing others in order to show respect and consideration for their feelings.
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